- Loopback gives you incredible control over how audio is routed between applications and devices on your Mac. With just a few clicks, you can easily pass audio directly from one application to another.
- Loopback gives you incredible control over how audio is routed between applications and devices on your Mac. With just a few clicks, you can easily pass audio directly from one application to another.
- Loopback Audio Mac
- Loopback 1 2 – Route Audio Between Applications Using Data
- Loopback 1 2 – Route Audio Between Applications Using Javascript
From the ALSA wiki
(Redirected from Asoundrc)
Loopback v2.1.2 macOS P2P 25 Dec 2019 11.4 MB Suddenly, it’s easy to pass audio between applications on your Mac. Create virtual audio devices to take the sound from applications and audio input devices, then send it to audio processing applications. Loopback gives you the power of a high-end studio mixing board, right. CCNA 1 Introduction to Networks (Version 7.00) - Modules 8 - 10: Communicating Between Networks Exam Answers Full Scored 100%. Loopback audio Loopback audio.
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Contents
Warning
Neither .asoundrc or /etc/asound.conf is normally required. Youshould be able to play and record sound without either (assuming yourmic and speakers are hooked up properly). If your system won't workwithout one, and you are running the most current version of ALSA, youprobably should file a bug report.
What is a .asoundrc file? Why might I want one?
The .asoundrc file (in your home directory) and /etc/asound.conf (forsystem-wide settings) are the configuration files for ALSA drivers.Neither file is required for ALSA to work properly. Most applicationswill work without them. The main use of these two configuration files isto add functionality such as routing and sample-rate conversion. Itallows you to create 'virtual devices' that pre or post-process audiostreams. Any properly written ALSA program can use these virtual devicesas though they were normal devices.
Before ALSA 1.0.9 you often needed one to make things work at all, andbefore ALSA 1.0.11 you generally needed one if you wanted to have morethan one ALSA application output sound at the same time via theDmixPlugin, but current ALSA versions shouldn't need one.
There are several uses for a .asoundrc. One is to create a personalizedconfiguration for a soundcard. This is useful if you have a 32-channelsoundcard and want to reserve 5 channels permanently for recording thedrums. For example, you could create a new PCM called 'drumrec' that isalways mapped to the same five inputs. The .asoundrc file is quitecomplicated. You may find it simpler to use the dmix plugin. Also seethe page Dmix Plugin.
Lastly similar .asoundrc files are used internally by ALSA to 'map'standard things, for example, to connect 'default' to 'plughw:0' (thistoo could be overridden). The configuration is in the file/usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf
If you're happy with how your card is working, there's no need to use an.asoundrc. There is also not much use in taking an .asoundrc for a10-channel soundcard and hoping to get more out of a 2-channel (stereo)soundcard. But if you want or have to customize the behaviour of asoundcard to be different from the standard setting, an .asoundrc isessential.
In the discussion that follows, remember that anything mentioned for the.asoundrc file applies equally to /etc/asound.conf except in the lattercase the virtual devices you define can be used by all users on asystem.
A brief example.
Put the following in a file in your home directory in a file named.asoundrc:
You should replace the name of the card (card0) with something useful,e.g. the one you are using in your /etc/modules.conf file (e.g. cmipci).
This example creates a virtual device named card0 (or whatever youreplaced that with) that just connects directly to your hardware's PCMoutput channels. It also creates a control device with the same name.Neither of these virtual devices actually does anything interesting --they just act as aliases for the hardware devices.
Where does .asoundrc live?
The .asoundrc file is typically installed in a user's home directory($HOME/.asoundrc) and is called from /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf. It isalso possible to install a system-wide configuration file as/etc/asound.conf. When an ALSA application starts both configurationfiles are read but the settings in the .asoundrc file override thesettings in the /etc/asound.conf settings.
Loopback Audio Mac
Changing things
Most programs require a restart to reread .asoundrc or asound.conf! Thisincludes desktop environment audio daemons, such asPulseAudio. For most changes to .asoundrcyou will need to restart the sound server (ie. sudo/etc/init.d/alsa-utils restart) for the changes to take effect.
Default PCM device
Using
aplay -L
you can get a List of existing PCM output devices. Ifyou want the default to be, for example, a USB Device instead of theonboard sound, you can place a pcm.!default line in the .asoundrc. Sayaplay -L lists something like you can put the following line in your .asoundrc
As a result, most if not all applications will now use this device foroutput unless specified otherwise. The same applies for self-defineddevices, as shown below.
The naming of PCM devices
Loopback 1 2 – Route Audio Between Applications Using Data
A typical asoundrc starts with a 'PCM hw type'. This gives an ALSAapplication the ability to start using a special soundcard (plugin orslave) by a given name.
Without this, the soundcard(s) must be accessed with names like 'hw:0,0'or 'default'. For example:
or with aplay
The numbers after hw: stand for the sound card number and the devicenumber. A third number can be added (hw:0,0,0) for the sub-devicenumber, but it defaults to the next sub-device avaliable. The numbersstart from zero, so, for example, to access the first device on thesecond sound card, you would use hw:1,0.
Starbound best combat pet. The keyword 'default' will access the default subdevice on the defaultsoundcard, which will probably be hw:0,0 for a typical single SoundBlaster sound card. Now with the 'PCM hw type' you are able to definealiases for your devices. The syntax for this definition is:
Here is another example which gives the first soundcard an alias:
Now you can access this card by the alias 'ens1371'.
This definition is helpful if you want to apply any further plugins orslaves in .asoundrc.
Plugins
What are plugins? A plugin (or plug-in) is a computer program that can,or must, interact with another program to provide a certain, usuallyvery specific, function. Typical examples are plugins to displayspecific graphic formats (e.g., SVG if the browser doesn't support thisformat natively), to play multimedia files, to encrypt/decrypt email(e.g., PGP), or to filter images in graphic programs. The main program(a web browser or an email client, for example) provides a way forplugins to register themselves with the program, and a protocol by whichdata is exchanged with plugins. Seehttp://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.htmlfor the list of all plugins.
Now define a slave for this plugin. A very simple slave could be definedas follows:
*What is a
slave
in the first place? What does it do, what does itmean, what for do I need it? Depolox 3 plus manual. Can please'*****add some more light onthis? The slave is the device that is controlled by the plugin, andrecieves the plugin audio output in the case of playback, or providesinput for recording.This defines a slave without any parameters. It's nothing more thananother alias for your sound device. The slightly more complicated thingto understand is that parameters for 'pcm types' must be defined in theslave-definition-block. Let's setup a rate-converter which shows thisbehaviour.
Now you can use this newly created (virtual) device by:
This automatically converts your samples to a 44.1kHz sample rate whileplaying. It's not very useful because most players, and ALSA, convertsamples to the correct sample-rate that is supported by your sound cardbut you can use it for a conversion to a lower static sample-rate, forexample. A more complex tool for sample conversions is the PCM type'plug'. The syntax is:
We can use it as follows:
By calling it with:
Loopback 1 2 – Route Audio Between Applications Using Javascript
you can convert the samples during playing to the sample format:S16_LE, one channel and a sample-rate of 16 kHz. If you use aplay withthe verbose option -v you will see the settings from the original file.For example,
will show the original settings of the sound file test.wav. If you addthe definition 'route_policy average' to the plug definition, you willmake your output channel be the (arithmetic) average of your inputchannels.
Splitting front and rear outputs
I had a lot of trouble first figuring out how I could split front andrear channels into two devices that could be used independently. Thefollowing .asoundrc file is what I came up with. It can be used with'mplayer', for example, as follows:
Enjoy.
Note, for ttable you might use fractions but then you cannot useLC_NUMERIC locales that use characters other than '.' as decimalseparator. Actually this is a bug and has already been fixed in versionshigher than 1.0.8.
Joining devices to make multichannel
If your card has a number of stereo sub-devices that operatesynchronously, you can join them into one virtual multichannel device.
https://besthfile649.weebly.com/running-windows-7-on-a-macbook.html. See the documentation for the multi plugin athttp://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.html
The following joins two adjacent sub-devices into a 4 channel device.There are 3 optional parameters [card,device, first_subdevice]. It isbasically a nested set of plugins: {route {multi {hw0 hw1}}
Eg. ttable4:1,0,2 will join sub-devices 2 and 3 of device 0 of card 1.You can use this device with JACK.
Converting Sample Rates On Input
This will take an input of any rate and convert it to 48000 hz, changeto suit your needs.
Dupe output to multiple cards
In this example an intel8x0 (ICH6 @ hw:0) and an Aureon 5.1 USB card(Audio @ hw:1) are used. The default device is a stereo device, theaudio stream is duped to both cards. Front left/right is copied to rearleft/right, respectively, and center and sub-woofer are mixed 50%/50%from front left/right. Dmix is enabled on both cards.
Downmix stereo to mono
Fromhttp://superuser.com/questions/155522/force-downmix-to-mono-on-linux/155601
Simple script to create an .asoundrc file
Other documentation of the .asoundrc file
For a detailed description of the syntax of the
.asoundrc
file, seebelow and also check out the asoundrc.txt
file in the alsa-libpackage. JoernNettingsmeierposted an .asoundrc
to the linux-audio-users mailing list to use twocards as one. If you are interested ina more advanced .asoundrc
example have a look at the RME Hammerfall.asoundrc filecreated by JeremyHall,or squisher's asoundrc (with onecard as two, skype upmixing, ekiga hacks and wine testing).Retrieved from'http://alsa.opensrc.org/.asoundrc'
Categories:Documentation |Configuration
Because LoopBack is built on Express, you can add custom routes just as you do in Express.
Prerequisite: Install command-line tools as described in Installation.
Recommended: Read LoopBack core concepts.
In this part of the tutorial, you’re going to add a new custom route.
Note:
If you followed the previous steps in the tutorial, skip down to Introducing boot scripts.
If you’re just jumping in, follow the steps below to catch up…
Get the app (in the state following the last article) from GitHub and install all its dependencies: Vanessa hudgens say ok mp3.
Introducing boot scripts
When a LoopBack application starts (or “bootstraps”), it runs the scripts in the
/server/boot
directory, known as boot scripts. By default, LoopBack loads boot scripts in alphabetical order. Photomill 1 6 1 – multi functional batch photo converter.The standard scaffolded LoopBack application created by the application generator contains the following standard boot scripts (in
/server/boot
) that perform basic initialization:authentication.js
- Enables authentication for the application by callingapp.enableAuth()
.root.js
- Defines a root route to/
that returns server status usingloopback.status()
middleware. You already encountered this in the previous step, when you renamed this file so your app could serve static content.
For more information on boot scripts, see Defining boot scripts.
![Loopback 1 2 – Route Audio Between Applications Using Loopback 1 2 – Route Audio Between Applications Using](https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/01/loopback2-typical-configuration-100785565-large.jpg)
Add a new boot script
For example, add a new boot script named
routes.js
in /server/boot
directory, with this code:/server/boot/routes.js
As an aside, you could have just as well used Express router middleware instead, like this:
/server/boot/routes.js
In fact you can also add routes right in
server.js
using the Express API. For example, add this call to app.use()
just before the call to app.start()
:server/server.js
The point is that a LoopBack application can easily do all the things that an Express application can. If you’re familiar with Express, this will make LoopBack easier to learn and use.
Run the boot script
Now, run the application again:
$ node .
Postbox 3 0 3 – powerful and flexible email client. Load http://0.0.0.0:3000/ping. You’ll see “pong” as the response.
Next: Check out Next steps for information on what to read next.